Module: Utils::Curl Private

Included in:
Cask::Audit, CurlDownloadStrategy, Homebrew::FormulaAuditor, Homebrew::Livecheck::Strategy, Homebrew::ResourceAuditor
Defined in:
utils/curl.rb

Overview

This module is part of a private API. This module may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this module if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Helper function for interacting with curl.

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.clear_path_cache ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 43

def clear_path_cache
  @curl_path = nil
end

.curl(*args, print_stdout: true, **options) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 175

def curl(*args, print_stdout: true, **options)
  result = curl_with_workarounds(*args, print_stdout: print_stdout, **options)
  result.assert_success!
  result
end

.curl_args(*extra_args, connect_timeout: nil, max_time: nil, retries: Homebrew::EnvConfig.curl_retries.to_i, retry_max_time: nil, show_output: false, show_error: true, user_agent: nil, referer: nil) ⇒ Array<T.untyped>

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Parameters:

  • extra_args (T.untyped)
  • connect_timeout (Integer, Float, nil) (defaults to: nil)
  • max_time (Integer, Float, nil) (defaults to: nil)
  • retries (Integer, nil) (defaults to: Homebrew::EnvConfig.curl_retries.to_i)
  • retry_max_time (Integer, Float, nil) (defaults to: nil)
  • show_output (Boolean, nil) (defaults to: false)
  • show_error (Boolean, nil) (defaults to: true)
  • user_agent (String, Symbol, nil) (defaults to: nil)
  • referer (String, nil) (defaults to: nil)

Returns:



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 60

def curl_args(
  *extra_args,
  connect_timeout: nil,
  max_time: nil,
  retries: Homebrew::EnvConfig.curl_retries.to_i,
  retry_max_time: nil,
  show_output: false,
  show_error: true,
  user_agent: nil,
  referer: nil
)
  args = []

  # do not load .curlrc unless requested (must be the first argument)
  curlrc = Homebrew::EnvConfig.curlrc
  if curlrc&.start_with?("/")
    # If the file exists, we still want to disable loading the default curlrc.
    args << "--disable" << "--config" << curlrc
  elsif curlrc
    # This matches legacy behavior: `HOMEBREW_CURLRC` was a bool,
    # omitting `--disable` when present.
  else
    args << "--disable"
  end

  # echo any cookies received on a redirect
  args << "--cookie" << "/dev/null"

  args << "--globoff"

  args << "--show-error" if show_error

  args << "--user-agent" << case user_agent
  when :browser, :fake
    HOMEBREW_USER_AGENT_FAKE_SAFARI
  when :default, nil
    HOMEBREW_USER_AGENT_CURL
  when String
    user_agent
  else
    raise TypeError, ":user_agent must be :browser/:fake, :default, or a String"
  end

  args << "--header" << "Accept-Language: en"

  if show_output != true
    args << "--fail"
    args << "--progress-bar" unless Context.current.verbose?
    args << "--verbose" if Homebrew::EnvConfig.curl_verbose?
    args << "--silent" if !$stdout.tty? || Context.current.quiet?
  end

  args << "--connect-timeout" << connect_timeout.round(3) if connect_timeout.present?
  args << "--max-time" << max_time.round(3) if max_time.present?

  # A non-positive integer (e.g. 0) or `nil` will omit this argument
  args << "--retry" << retries if retries&.positive?

  args << "--retry-max-time" << retry_max_time.round if retry_max_time.present?

  args << "--referer" << referer if referer.present?

  args + extra_args
end

.curl_check_http_content(url, url_type, specs: {}, user_agents: [:default], referer: nil, check_content: false, strict: false, use_homebrew_curl: false) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 270

def curl_check_http_content(url, url_type, specs: {}, user_agents: [:default], referer: nil,
                            check_content: false, strict: false, use_homebrew_curl: false)
  return unless url.start_with? "http"

  secure_url = url.sub(/\Ahttp:/, "https:")
  secure_details = T.let(nil, T.nilable(T::Hash[Symbol, T.untyped]))
  hash_needed = T.let(false, T::Boolean)
  if url != secure_url
    user_agents.each do |user_agent|
      secure_details = begin
        curl_http_content_headers_and_checksum(
          secure_url,
          specs:             specs,
          hash_needed:       true,
          use_homebrew_curl: use_homebrew_curl,
          user_agent:        user_agent,
          referer:           referer,
        )
      rescue Timeout::Error
        next
      end

      next unless http_status_ok?(secure_details[:status_code])

      hash_needed = true
      user_agents = [user_agent]
      break
    end
  end

  details = T.let(nil, T.nilable(T::Hash[Symbol, T.untyped]))
  attempts = 0
  user_agents.each do |user_agent|
    loop do
      details = curl_http_content_headers_and_checksum(
        url,
        specs:             specs,
        hash_needed:       hash_needed,
        use_homebrew_curl: use_homebrew_curl,
        user_agent:        user_agent,
        referer:           referer,
      )

      # Retry on network issues
      break if details[:exit_status] != 52 && details[:exit_status] != 56

      attempts += 1
      break if attempts >= Homebrew::EnvConfig.curl_retries.to_i
    end

    break if http_status_ok?(details[:status_code])
  end

  return "The #{url_type} #{url} is not reachable" unless details[:status_code]

  unless http_status_ok?(details[:status_code])
    return if details[:responses].any? do |response|
      url_protected_by_cloudflare?(response) || url_protected_by_incapsula?(response)
    end

    # https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/13789
    # If the `:homepage` of a formula is private, it will fail an `audit`
    # since there's no way to specify a `strategy` with `using:` and
    # GitHub does not authorize access to the web UI using token
    #
    # Strategy:
    # If the `:homepage` 404s, it's a GitHub link, and we have a token then
    # check the API (which does use tokens) for the repository
    repo_details = url.match(%r{https?://github\.com/(?<user>[^/]+)/(?<repo>[^/]+)/?.*})
    check_github_api = url_type == SharedAudits::URL_TYPE_HOMEPAGE &&
                       details[:status_code] == "404" &&
                       repo_details &&
                       Homebrew::EnvConfig.github_api_token

    unless check_github_api
      return "The #{url_type} #{url} is not reachable (HTTP status code #{details[:status_code]})"
    end

    "Unable to find homepage" if SharedAudits.github_repo_data(repo_details[:user], repo_details[:repo]).nil?
  end

  if url.start_with?("https://") && Homebrew::EnvConfig.no_insecure_redirect? &&
     (details[:final_url].present? && !details[:final_url].start_with?("https://"))
    return "The #{url_type} #{url} redirects back to HTTP"
  end

  return unless secure_details

  return if !http_status_ok?(details[:status_code]) || !http_status_ok?(secure_details[:status_code])

  etag_match = details[:etag] &&
               details[:etag] == secure_details[:etag]
  content_length_match =
    details[:content_length] &&
    details[:content_length] == secure_details[:content_length]
  file_match = details[:file_hash] == secure_details[:file_hash]

  http_with_https_available =
    url.start_with?("http://") &&
    (secure_details[:final_url].present? && secure_details[:final_url].start_with?("https://"))

  if (etag_match || content_length_match || file_match) && http_with_https_available
    return "The #{url_type} #{url} should use HTTPS rather than HTTP"
  end

  return unless check_content

  no_protocol_file_contents = %r{https?:\\?/\\?/}
  http_content = details[:file]&.scrub&.gsub(no_protocol_file_contents, "/")
  https_content = secure_details[:file]&.scrub&.gsub(no_protocol_file_contents, "/")

  # Check for the same content after removing all protocols
  if (http_content && https_content) && (http_content == https_content) && http_with_https_available
    return "The #{url_type} #{url} should use HTTPS rather than HTTP"
  end

  return unless strict

  # Same size, different content after normalization
  # (typical causes: Generated ID, Timestamp, Unix time)
  if http_content.length == https_content.length
    return "The #{url_type} #{url} may be able to use HTTPS rather than HTTP. Please verify it in a browser."
  end

  lenratio = (https_content.length * 100 / http_content.length).to_i
  return unless (90..110).cover?(lenratio)

  "The #{url_type} #{url} may be able to use HTTPS rather than HTTP. Please verify it in a browser."
end

.curl_download(*args, to: nil, try_partial: false, **options) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 181

def curl_download(*args, to: nil, try_partial: false, **options)
  destination = Pathname(to)
  destination.dirname.mkpath

  args = ["--location", *args]

  if try_partial && destination.exist?
    headers = begin
      parsed_output = curl_headers(*args, **options, wanted_headers: ["accept-ranges"])
      parsed_output.fetch(:responses).last&.fetch(:headers) || {}
    rescue ErrorDuringExecution
      # Ignore errors here and let actual download fail instead.
      {}
    end

    # Any value for `Accept-Ranges` other than `none` indicates that the server
    # supports partial requests. Its absence indicates no support.
    supports_partial = headers.fetch("accept-ranges", "none") != "none"
    content_length = headers["content-length"]&.to_i

    if supports_partial
      # We've already downloaded all bytes.
      return if destination.size == content_length

      args = ["--continue-at", "-", *args]
    end
  end

  args = ["--remote-time", "--output", destination, *args]

  curl(*args, **options)
end

.curl_executable(use_homebrew_curl: false) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 33

def curl_executable(use_homebrew_curl: false)
  return HOMEBREW_BREWED_CURL_PATH if use_homebrew_curl

  @curl_executable ||= HOMEBREW_SHIMS_PATH/"shared/curl"
end

.curl_headers(*args, wanted_headers: [], **options) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 218

def curl_headers(*args, wanted_headers: [], **options)
  [[], ["--request", "GET"]].each do |request_args|
    result = curl_output(
      "--fail", "--location", "--silent", "--head", *request_args, *args,
      **options
    )

    # 22 means a non-successful HTTP status code, not a `curl` error, so we still got some headers.
    if result.success? || result.exit_status == 22
      parsed_output = parse_curl_output(result.stdout)

      if request_args.empty?
        # If we didn't get any wanted header yet, retry using `GET`.
        next if wanted_headers.any? &&
                parsed_output.fetch(:responses).none? { |r| (r.fetch(:headers).keys & wanted_headers).any? }

        # Some CDNs respond with 400 codes for `HEAD` but resolve with `GET`.
        next if (400..499).cover?(parsed_output.fetch(:responses).last&.fetch(:status_code).to_i)
      end

      return parsed_output if result.success?
    end

    result.assert_success!
  end
end

.curl_http_content_headers_and_checksum(url, specs: {}, hash_needed: false, use_homebrew_curl: false, user_agent: :default, referer: nil) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 400

def curl_http_content_headers_and_checksum(
  url, specs: {}, hash_needed: false,
  use_homebrew_curl: false, user_agent: :default, referer: nil
)
  file = Tempfile.new.tap(&:close)

  # Convert specs to options. This is mostly key-value options,
  # unless the value is a boolean in which case treat as as flag.
  specs = specs.flat_map do |option, argument|
    next [] if argument == false # No flag.

    args = ["--#{option.to_s.tr("_", "-")}"]
    args << argument if argument != true # It's a flag.
    args
  end

  max_time = hash_needed ? 600 : 25
  output, _, status = curl_output(
    *specs, "--dump-header", "-", "--output", file.path, "--location", url,
    use_homebrew_curl: use_homebrew_curl,
    connect_timeout:   15,
    max_time:          max_time,
    retry_max_time:    max_time,
    user_agent:        user_agent,
    referer:           referer
  )

  parsed_output = parse_curl_output(output)
  responses = parsed_output[:responses]

  final_url = curl_response_last_location(responses)
  headers = if responses.last.present?
    status_code = responses.last[:status_code]
    responses.last[:headers]
  else
    {}
  end
  etag = headers["etag"][ETAG_VALUE_REGEX, 1] if headers["etag"].present?
  content_length = headers["content-length"]

  if status.success?
    open_args = {}
    # Try to get encoding from Content-Type header
    # TODO: add guessing encoding by <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" ...> tag
    if (content_type = headers["content-type"]) &&
       (match = content_type.match(/;\s*charset\s*=\s*([^\s]+)/)) &&
       (charset = match[1])
      begin
        open_args[:encoding] = Encoding.find(charset)
      rescue ArgumentError
        # Unknown charset in Content-Type header
      end
    end
    file_contents = File.read(T.must(file.path), **open_args)
    file_hash = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(file_contents) if hash_needed
  end

  {
    url:            url,
    final_url:      final_url,
    exit_status:    status.exitstatus,
    status_code:    status_code,
    headers:        headers,
    etag:           etag,
    content_length: content_length,
    file:           file_contents,
    file_hash:      file_hash,
    responses:      responses,
  }
ensure
  T.must(file).unlink
end

.curl_output(*args, **options) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 214

def curl_output(*args, **options)
  curl_with_workarounds(*args, print_stderr: false, show_output: true, **options)
end

.curl_path ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning. 



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 39

def curl_path
  @curl_path ||= Utils.popen_read(curl_executable, "--homebrew=print-path").chomp.presence
end

.curl_response_follow_redirections(responses, base_url) ⇒ String

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Returns the final URL by following location headers in cURL responses.

Parameters:

  • responses (Array<Hash{Symbol => T.untyped}>) —

    An array of hashes containing response status information and headers from #parse_curl_response.

  • base_url (String) —

    The URL to use as a base.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The final absolute URL after redirections.



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 559

def curl_response_follow_redirections(responses, base_url)
  responses.each do |response|
    next if response[:headers].blank?

    location = response[:headers]["location"]
    next if location.blank?

    base_url = URI.join(base_url, location).to_s
  end

  base_url
end

.curl_response_last_location(responses, absolutize: false, base_url: nil) ⇒ String?

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Returns the URL from the last location header found in cURL responses, if any.

Parameters:

  • responses (Array<Hash{Symbol => T.untyped}>) —

    An array of hashes containing response status information and headers from #parse_curl_response.

  • absolutize (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    Whether to make the location URL absolute.

  • base_url (String, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    The URL to use as a base for making the location URL absolute.

Returns:

  • (String, nil) —

    The URL from the last-occurring location header in the responses or nil (if no location headers found).



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 534

def curl_response_last_location(responses, absolutize: false, base_url: nil)
  responses.reverse_each do |response|
    next if response[:headers].blank?

    location = response[:headers]["location"]
    next if location.blank?

    absolute_url = URI.join(base_url, location).to_s if absolutize && base_url.present?
    return absolute_url || location
  end

  nil
end

.curl_supports_tls13? ⇒ Boolean

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 473

def curl_supports_tls13?
  @curl_supports_tls13 ||= Hash.new do |h, key|
    h[key] = quiet_system(curl_executable, "--tlsv1.3", "--head", "https://brew.sh/")
  end
  @curl_supports_tls13[curl_path]
end

.curl_with_workarounds(*args, secrets: nil, print_stdout: nil, print_stderr: nil, debug: nil, verbose: nil, env: {}, timeout: nil, use_homebrew_curl: false, **options) ⇒ Object

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Raises:

  • (Timeout::Error) 


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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 125

def curl_with_workarounds(
  *args,
  secrets: nil, print_stdout: nil, print_stderr: nil, debug: nil,
  verbose: nil, env: {}, timeout: nil, use_homebrew_curl: false, **options
)
  end_time = Time.now + timeout if timeout

  command_options = {
    secrets:      secrets,
    print_stdout: print_stdout,
    print_stderr: print_stderr,
    debug:        debug,
    verbose:      verbose,
  }.compact

  result = system_command curl_executable(use_homebrew_curl: use_homebrew_curl),
                          args:    curl_args(*args, **options),
                          env:     env,
                          timeout: end_time&.remaining,
                          **command_options

  return result if result.success? || args.include?("--http1.1")

  raise Timeout::Error, result.stderr.lines.last.chomp if timeout && result.status.exitstatus == 28

  # Error in the HTTP2 framing layer
  if result.exit_status == 16
    return curl_with_workarounds(
      *args, "--http1.1",
      timeout: end_time&.remaining, **command_options, **options
    )
  end

  # This is a workaround for https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/1618.
  if result.exit_status == 56 # Unexpected EOF
    out = curl_output("-V").stdout

    # If `curl` doesn't support HTTP2, the exception is unrelated to this bug.
    return result unless out.include?("HTTP2")

    # The bug is fixed in `curl` >= 7.60.0.
    curl_version = out[/curl (\d+(\.\d+)+)/, 1]
    return result if Gem::Version.new(curl_version) >= Gem::Version.new("7.60.0")

    return curl_with_workarounds(*args, "--http1.1", **command_options, **options)
  end

  result
end

.http_status_ok?(status) ⇒ Boolean

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 480

def http_status_ok?(status)
  (100..299).cover?(status.to_i)
end

.parse_curl_output(output, max_iterations: 25) ⇒ Hash{Symbol => T.untyped}

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Separates the output text from curl into an array of HTTP responses and the final response body (i.e. content). Response hashes contain the :status_code, :status_text, and :headers.

Parameters:

  • output (String) —

    The output text from curl containing HTTP responses, body content, or both.

  • max_iterations (Integer) (defaults to: 25) —

    The maximum number of iterations for the while loop that parses HTTP response text. This should correspond to the maximum number of requests in the output. If curl’s --max-redirs option is used, max_iterations should be max-redirs + 1, to account for any final response after the redirections.

Returns:

  • (Hash{Symbol => T.untyped}) —

    A hash containing an array of response hashes and the body content, if found.



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 497

def parse_curl_output(output, max_iterations: 25)
  responses = []

  iterations = 0
  output = output.lstrip
  while output.match?(%r{\AHTTP/[\d.]+ \d+}) && output.include?(HTTP_RESPONSE_BODY_SEPARATOR)
    iterations += 1
    raise "Too many redirects (max = #{max_iterations})" if iterations > max_iterations

    response_text, _, output = output.partition(HTTP_RESPONSE_BODY_SEPARATOR)
    output = output.lstrip
    next if response_text.blank?

    response_text.chomp!
    response = parse_curl_response(response_text)
    responses << response if response.present?
  end

  { responses: responses, body: output }
end

.url_protected_by_cloudflare?(response) ⇒ Boolean

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Check if a URL is protected by CloudFlare (e.g. badlion.net and jaxx.io).

Parameters:

  • response (Hash{Symbol => T.untyped}) —

    A response hash from #parse_curl_response.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    Whether a response contains headers indicating that the URL is protected by Cloudflare.



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 250

def url_protected_by_cloudflare?(response)
  return false if response[:headers].blank?
  return false unless [403, 503].include?(response[:status_code].to_i)

  [*response[:headers]["server"]].any? { |server| server.match?(/^cloudflare/i) }
end

.url_protected_by_incapsula?(response) ⇒ Boolean

This method is part of a private API. This method may only be used in the Homebrew/brew repository. Third parties should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or changed without warning.

Check if a URL is protected by Incapsula (e.g. corsair.com).

Parameters:

  • response (Hash{Symbol => T.untyped}) —

    A response hash from #parse_curl_response.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    Whether a response contains headers indicating that the URL is protected by Incapsula.



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# File 'utils/curl.rb', line 262

def url_protected_by_incapsula?(response)
  return false if response[:headers].blank?
  return false if response[:status_code].to_i != 403

  set_cookie_header = Array(response[:headers]["set-cookie"])
  set_cookie_header.compact.any? { |cookie| cookie.match?(/^(visid_incap|incap_ses)_/i) }
end